Metal building structure



Aug. 15, 1939. E. w. INGRAM El AL METAL BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed March 25, 19:55 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 E. w. INGRAM ET AL METAL BUILDING STRUCTURE Aug. 15, 1939.

Filed March 25, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented .151939 I v a l 2,169,388

UNITED STATES PATENT orncs METAL amino s'rnuo'runa Edgar W. Ingram and Loyd W. Ray, Columbus, Ohio. asaignors to White Castle System, Inc.,' Columbus, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application March 25, 1935, Serial No. 12,859 6 Claims. (01. 189-34) This invention relates primarilyto metal buildstudding, which may be used for specially naring constructions of the type whereof the elerow widths of wall construction; mental parts may be pre-fabricated,-conveniently Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view in pertransported to the desired location and there asspective ofa wall construction in which the sembled and erected into the building without studding has a one-piece web portion; 5 special cutting or fitting or the use of special Fig. 6a is a similar view of the studding alone tools, and with ordinary skilled labor. while but showing a latticed plate instead of asolid such structures may be permanent in character plate across the back of the studding; and must be built therefor, it is frequently de- Fig. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a lo'sirable that they be removed and possibly used wall section showing-a form of one-piece studding elsewhere. Accordingly, this invention contemtherein; plates such construction that the same may be Fig. 8 is a similar view of another form of wall readily disassembled and the parts removed to section; storage or to another location and there again Fig. 9 is a similar view of still another form;

erected. a Fig. 9a is a view showing a studding similar to 15 i More particularly this invention relates to the hat i F g- 9 but in which a latticed plate is wall construction of such buildings, and espeused instead of a solid plate; and cially to the studding and associated parts, and Fig. 10 is a detail pe p ve V ew Of a dif hence it is deemed suflicient in the following to feieni'l form y which y b ed in the illustrate and describe only such parts as are clamping or key strip. 20 more directly involved. In these drawings, 'Fig. 1 shows a fragment or The studding or similar structural elements of Section Of a Vertical Wall a building Q ythis type are made of drawn or rolled sheet ing h invention, two y t S dd being metal strips; usually formed by the dra ing shown, which extend vertically the height of the operation into half-stud sections having central Wall t0 the extent desired and t0 the pp 25 webportions d edge flange portions h h upon edgesof which the inside wall panels 20 and the being bolted or welded together back to back at Outside Wallv Panels 2| ar Suitably u dtheir web portions form the complete studding. These Panels y be of po a namelled The wall facings, usually of panel con tru tion, metal or other desired material, preferably in' are secured t t flange portions of th 7 the'form of sheets of standardized size, shape and 30 studdings after the latter have been suitably em-' configuration. so s to be i e han e e, and b di d i th framework 'of th b ildi the outside panels may be lined with a layer of The general objects of the invention are to vSound-tieadllilil'ig' material Which y also ac s improve such wall constructions, to improve the a heat insulation studding in their manufacture and handling, to The studding themselves comp e W y be 35 increase ease of assembly and disassembly, and termed male and female half-stud sections havto provide forms adaptable to different uses, ing m a s. su h. f r xample, as interlocking whereby to meet the demands for such structures tenon and groove, k st r d veta l c n and fulfill the requirements as to efliciency, space StructiOn, extending P e y throughout the 40 and cost. length of their webs for attaching the two halves 40 Other objects and advantages will appear from together without bolts or welding, thus permitthe description and claims to follow in connecting their assembly on the job, if desired, without tion with the accompanying drawings, which ilthe use of special tools or devices. Thus, as lustrate, by way of example, several embodiments shown in Fig. 1, the webs of the studding, which of the invention, and in whichare of sheet metal, are bent longitudinally to form 45 Fig. 1 is a fragmentaryperspective view, partly the interlocking dovetailed groove and tenon or in horizontal section, of a wall structure embodykeystone portions 23 and 24, fitting one within ing one form of the invention; the other, to securethe two half-sections of the.

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a different form as stud together, this being done preferably at the to certain features; point of installation by slipping the two together i 50 Fig. 3 is a similar view of another form; endwise, no welding or bolts or. other securing Fig. 4 is a corresponding view of still another devices being necessary. The inner edgesof form and showing a studding of lesser width and these sections are bent outwardly from the web adapting the same for narrower constructions; and. then parallel with the web to form a longi- Fig. 5 is a View of still lesser width of tudinal recess for the nailing or furring strip 25, 55

7'0 Q the inside, with ample room for adjusting the strengthen the stud may be secured to said flanges, their inner ends forming continuations of the sides of the clamping or key recess. The in-turned edges of the outer wall panels 2| lie against these Z-bars, if used, and are clamped thereagainst by the clamping member or key.

. This clamping member or key consists of the the form i g is. the sameas in-Flg. 1, except that the webs oif the two halt-sections of the stud merge into the jclamping or-key recess at the root of the dove U-bent sheet metal strip 30 and the finishing strip 3|, if used, overlying the open side of the Umember with its edges overlapping inwardly the outer edge flanges of the U-member. Such finishing strip may be omitted if desired, the key strip itself being relied on for clamping the panels in position.

Clamping or key bolts 32 at intervals throughout the length of the studding extend through the bottom of the U clamping member 30, with a locking nut outside thereof, or are otherwise secured to the U-member, and thence through the bottom of the clamping strip recess of the studding web members, with a .locking washer and a tightening nut 33 on the end of the bolt,

they said end of the bolt and its nut and washer being located in a suitable recess 34 cut or formed I in the web members of the studding.

By assembling the parts as shown and tightening the nuts 33 the outer panels. are rigidly ture, yet with suflicient clearance for expansion and contraction. After thisis' done'the inner. wall panels 20 may be applied and the-whole formed into a strong, rigid construction; The inner wall face panels; 20, which may be of any desired material but as here shown are of sheet metal, may besecuredby screws or nails atitheir edges to the face of the nailing or furring strip r 25 or in any desire'd'way,flthe said'edges being covered, if desired, by a sui'tal' letrimor finishing I strip'which is secured in position injany desired shown in Fig, 2, the ;construction tail or keystone portions at]one,-.'sideithereof,

- wherebyit is not necessary'to minbut portions of .the webs to accommodate the clampingor ad- "justing nuts'and bolts of the clamping. or key strip, and more room is provided for the. workmen to adjust the same, v

'I'husgas shown in Fig. 2, the memberformi'ng strip recess;- and the inner or male web member is extended to form the'bo ttom of the recess andsame. The center line or plane of the clamping recess is in line with the webs on they opposite side of the dovetails, as in Fig. 1, and the construction and operation are otherwise 12h? .3

The clamping or amases or bent to form the bottom and one side of the clamping or key strip recess, and also, if desired, the recess in the bottom of the mailing or furring strip channel formed at the opposite edge of the studding. This renders unnecessary the cutting of a hole in the web of the complete studding or otherwise forming the same to accommodate the bolts and nuts of the clamping or key strip and makes the same more accessible to the workmen.

Thus, as shown, the half-section 36 is bent at its inner edge to form a portion of the bottom and one edge of the nailing or furring strip recess or channel, while the opposite edge of the half-section forms, without bending, one side of the clamping or key strip recess or channel and its extreme edge is bent at right angles to form a seat for the inwardly bent edge of the outer wall panel 2|.

The other half-section 31 of the studding is bent at its outer edge to form the bottom 38 of the clamping or key strip recess or channel, and then, as at 39, to form the other side of said recess or channel, and again as at 40 to form a seat or rest for the edge of another wall panel 2|. The clamping or key strip, such as 30, fits into the channel thus formed and is adjusted in position by the bolt 32 passing through the bottom of the channel and nut 33, as in the case of Fig. 2. I

However, this clamping or adjusting bolt may be longer, as indicated by the dotted lines ll, and extend to and through the bottom of the recess or channel 42 in the bottom of the nailing or furring strip channel or recess, where a nut is provided therefor and which may be operated as -by;a suitable socket wrench to adjust the clamping strip. By, having the adjusting nut accessible from the inside of the building in this manner, the outside'panels may be removed and replaced without removing or disturbing the inside panels, suitable provision being madetherefor, as, for instance, by providing the nailing strips with holes for the wrench in line with said bolts, installing the inside panels with a separation between adjacent edges over the nailfinishing strip to the joints between edges of the panels.

J- Fig.4 shows a form of construction substantially the same as that of Fig. 3, except that the Q contacting .web portions, which are welded or bolted together, are considerably. narrower, which-permits a complete studding of much narrower width in overall dimensions'than is usual and adapts the same for use in.types of buildings where such thinner walls are desired.- This. is clearlyseen 'in the drawing, Figure 4, and detailed description is deemed unnecessary.

In situations where it may be desired to use this stud as a half-stud and extra strength is required and the same must be assembled at the time and place of erection, it is so formed as to give bearing surfaces on both sides for reinforcing bars,-l3, one on each side of the studding.

recesses or channels formed by that half-stud member. Bolts, such as at 44, extend at intervals through suitable holes in these reinforcing bars and the contacting web portions of the stud sections to clamp them all together, thereby forming a stiff, strong and rugged construction. In such arrangement the longer key'tightening bolt, such as 4|, would preferably be used, suitable holes being formed in the nailing strip 25 opposite the ends of the bolts to provide access to the tightening nuts.

In the form shown in Fig. 5, the web portion of the complete studding, as at 45, is still further' shortened or narrowed, and no recess or channel for the threaded end and nut of the clamping or key adjusting bolt is provided, which still further reduces the over-all width of the studding and the consequent thickness of the wall. As shown in full lines, the adjusting bolt 32 and nut 33 may terminate at the bottom of the clamping or key strip recess or channel and the clamping nut be adjusted from that point, or, asshown in dotted lines, the bolt may be extended through an aperture in the bottom of the furring or nailing strip recess or channel and the nut placed inside the said recess or channel. In this case, as in the forms where the longer bolt is used, a suitable hole is cut in the furring or nailing strip to receive the bolt end and nut and through which the nut can be operated by a suitable wrench without removing said strip or disturbing the inside panels.

Referring to Fig. 6, the web portion of the studding is made of a single sheet of metal, preferably drawn through suitable dies of the proper configuration to produce the four prefer ably separated legs or web members 46, '41, 48 and 49. The edges of the outer legs or webs 46 and 49 are outwardly bent, as at 50 and 52, to form, together with the transverse portion 54 between and joining the inside legs 41 and 48, a seat for the nailing strip channel formed of a plate welded or otherwise secured thereto and having the edge flanges 5| and 53 and forming the channel for the nailing or furring strip 25 to which the inside wall panels 20 are attached. The inside legs 41 and 48 form the channel for the clamping or key strip 30, having the finishing or trim strip 3| overlying and extending around the out-turned edges of the member 30.

The portions 55 and 56 of the stud member joining the legs 46, 41, and 48, 49, form seats for the in-turned edges of the outside panels 2|, between which seats and the clamping strip or key the edges of the panels 2| are firmly clamped when the clamping strip or key is drawn inward tightly.

The clamping or adjusting bolts 4| at intervals throughout the length of the stud are passed through apertures in the bottom of the key strip, a locking nut or washer on the bolt being tightened against the outside face or welded in position so that-the key strip may be pushed outwardly or drawn inwardly by said bolt. The other end of the bolt 4| passesthrough the member 54 and channel plate and receives a nut by which the key strip may be tightened or adjusted.

The nailing or furring strip 25 is provided with suitable holes to accommodate the ends and nuts of bolts 4|. The inside panels 20 at their vertical edges are separated slightly so that the clamping nuts are accessible therebetween and the' same are covered by a' suitable trim strip removably secured in position in any usual or desired manner, as in the other figures.

Fig. 6a shows the same construction as Fig. 6 except that the plate forming the nailing strip channel is lattlced, as shown, instead of being small and cheaper types of buildings.

Referring to Fig. 7, the stud here shown is also formed of a single sheet of material drawn, bent or otherwise formed with the four leg or web portions, but the'outer legs, 45a and 49a, are bent inwardly so as to be in contact with the.

, adjacent inner legs and they may be spot-welded or bolted together for greater strength and stiffness. From the outer edgesof the seat portions 55 and 56 for the in-turned edges of the outside sheetmetal panels 2|, the diagonal portions 51 and 58 of the outer leg members extend angularly to the straight web portions of the corresponding legs, and form supporting braces for the outer edges of the seats and assist in producing a rigid and strong stud structure. Otherwise the structure, arrangement and operation are substantially the same as in Fig. 6 and the other figures.

By making the studding in this form comparatively light sheet material may be used, which is correspondingly cheap and more easily and less expensively worked, and at the same time a very strong and rigid structure is obtained. The dimensions of this form may be small, such as adapt it for use in thin wall constructions.

Fig. 8 shows a form similar to that of Fig. 'I but in which half-stud sections, otherwise the same as in Fig. '7, are used with a reinforcing member between them which is bolted or welded to such half-sections. This reinforcing member 59, also of metal, is rectangular in cross-section, and the key clamping bolts 4|, similar to those of Fig. '1, pass through its ends, asviewed in cross-section, the clamping nuts and washers seating on the outside of the inner and/or narrow side of the said member. Transverse bolts 60 may extend through the webs of the half-stud sections and reinforcing member 59 to secure all the parts of the stud together, or they may be suitably spot-welded together.

This reinforced type of stud may be used ad- 'vantageously with studs of the type of Fig. 7

where, as sometimes is necessary, half-studs must be used. They are then bolted all together upon erection.

Fig. 9 shows a studding structure for use particularly in small and cheaper type buildings, where no inside trim is required. In this form the stud 6| is drawn in the form of ashallow rectangle, the rear or inner side being closed by a plate or strip 68, which may be solid or latticed as at 68 in Fig. 9a, secured to the out-turned flanges 62. The reverse or inner side 63 serves as a seat for the outside panel edges. The latter are clamped to the said face 63 of the stud 6| by a shallow type clamping member comprising a key strip 64 and a trim strip 65 having inturned edges embracing the edges of the key strip. The clamping bolts 66 pass through the key strip, their heads being covered by the finishing strips, and thence through holes in the face 63 of the stud and through holes in the washer plate or strip 61.. The adjusting nut engages it on the inner side of the latter strip 61 and when tightened thereagainst tightly draws-the clampis preferably tilled with some insulatingmaterial, such, for example, as that known as rock .Various other forms and combinations may be made, all within the scope oi. the appended claims.

We claim:

VI. A metal stud comprising two continuous sheet metal members having their web portions in back-to-back engagement and their edge portions forming channels for wall panel securing means, the engaging portions of said webs adjacent one of said channels being at one side of the medial plane of the latter and leaving an empty space in said medial plane, and panel clamping means operable along the line of said medial plane and projecting into said space, whereby the said webs do not interfere with the operation of said means.

2. A metal studdlng construction comprising two continuous sheet metal members having their web portions in back-to-back engagement and edge portions forming a channel for wall panel securing means, the web of one of said members being substantially fiat and that of the other being bent to form the bottom and a side of the said channel, and panel clamping means extending through the said bottom at the side of said webs.

3. A metal studding construction comprising two continuous sheet metal members having their web portions, in back-to-back engagement and their edge portions forming channels for wall panel securing means, the web of one of said greases I v I members being flat and the other bent at its edges to form the bottom and a side of the, channels a at the edges of the studding, whereby the medial plane of said channels is at one side of the said webs. and panel clamping bolts extending across from one channel to the opposite on said plane and operable from said opposite channel.

4. A metal studding of limited width comprising two sheet metal sections, the web of one section being substantially fiat,the web of the other having, a'comparatively narrow portion in engagement with the web of the first and bent beyond said portion to form the bottom and a side of the sections at the opposite edges of thejacent one edge of the interlocking portions to form a channel for a furrlng strip, one of said metal strips at the opposite side of the interlocking portions'being bent to form a channel for a panel clamping key strip, and key clamping bolts passing through the key and channel and to one side of the web and projecting into said space.

6. A metal stud for buildings comprising two continuous sheet metal members having web-portions in securing engagement and their edge portions forming channels for wall panel securing means, the engagement-securing portions of said.

webs being positioned to have .an empty space in the medial plane oi. the studding, and panel clamping means accessible in said space for clamping operation.

: EDGAR W. INGRAM.

LOYD W. RAY. 

